Open Access Journal of Reproductive System How to Determine the Ideal Increased Progesterone Levels Cutoff During Fresh In Vitro Fertilization Cycles: Is it Time to Move Forward-A Short Commentary

LupinePublishers_How to Determine the Ideal Increased ProgesteroneLevels Cutoff During Fresh In Vitro Fertilization Cycles:Is it Time to Move Forward-A Short Commentary by Kulvinder Kochar Kaur in Open Access Journal of Reproductive System and sexual disorders in Lupine_Publishers.

That increased progesterone(P) that is present on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)trigger has an effect on the probable chances of a pregnancy resulting following a fresh embryo transfer has been a point that can be debated over the last 25 years [1-3]. A meta-analysis conducted by Venetis et al in 2013, confirmed the negative effect of progesterone on pregnancy following an ET [3]. They Further confirmed that by using proper analytical approaches one can find this correlation [4]. How this effect is brought about is by changing endometrial receptivity, an approach tested both by basic along with clinical research. Most importantly this support comes from cycles in which increased P do not affect if the embryos are frozen and transferred in subsequent cycle of frozen-thawed embryos [3]. Hence a proposal of freeze all/ freeze only policy was suggested as an answer to manage increased P found by the end of follicular phase.
However, the biggest problem that arises is what is the threshold of increased P that has to be considered as abnormal and thus needing any intervening procedure. With multiple thresholds getting in the literature more confusion has got created. Hence clinicians are still not sure that on measuring P on the day of HCG what is the exact threshold which they will employ to decide that they have to cancel a fresh ET and get into freeze-only policy ? This question has been taken up by Hill et al in 2018 [5] by an intense analysis of 7608 ART transfer cycles for getting different P thresholds and found it varied from 0.4 -3.0 ng/ml .Using different methods which kept in mind the sensitivity as well as specificity of every threshold they proposed ,in addition to the cost factor that would result if they used a freeze only(they preferred the term freeze only over freeze all a term adopted by the journal club Global [6]) policy what would the result be. They analyzed that if they used a threshold in between 1.5-2.0ng/ml, it would prove to be the most cost effective to use the freeze only approach [5]. Although they did find a statistically significant negative effect of P on pregnancy rates getting found if a threshold of 0.7ng/ml although they found if they used this low cut off the number required to treat markedly increased which decreased to 13 with the 1.5-2.0ng/ml cutoff.


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Lupine Publishers Reviews-Sildenafil Citrate for Women: (OAJRSD)

Sildenafil Citrate for Women by Mohamed Nabih EL Gharib in Open Access Journal of Reproductive System and Sexual Disorders (OAJRSD) in Lupine Publishers

Sildenafil citrate (SC) is a medicinal drug used to treat male erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. Sildenafil is a selective and potent competitive inhibitor of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) -specific phosphodiesterase-type 5 (PDE-5) enzymes, which, by preventing the breakdown of cGMP, potentiate the action of NO in tissues that contain PDE-5. Thus, increasing vasodilatation and potentiating the effects of nitrous oxide (NO) on the vascular smooth muscle [1-2]. SC increases uterine blood flow and potentiates estrogen-induced vasodilatation [3].

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The Journal of Sexual Medicine-Lupine Publishers-Urological Diseases: Ruqya and Negative Ions Treatment: (OAJRSD)

Urological Diseases: Ruqya and Negative Ions Treatment by Mira Bajirova in Open Access Journal of Reproductive System and Sexual Disorders (OAJRSD) in Lupine Publishers

Urological diseases have two groups of causes: Decreased Oxygen Utilization and Jinn. Decreased Oxygen Utilization is caused by Positive Ions from man-made activities. Positive ions induce acidity and inflammation in our body, which are at the base of almost all diseases; the best treatment against Positive Ions is the use of Negative Ions, while Medicine is powerless in many cases. What is amazing, that the Negative Ions help also to diagnose the presence of the Jinn as a cause of the disease and remove the Evil of Satan as Allah “sent down upon you from the sky, rain by which to purify you and remove from you the evil (suggestions) of Satan and to make steadfast your hearts and plant firmly thereby your feet.

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Journal of Sexual Disorders-Lupine Publishers- (Dis)ordered Spaces? Managing the Competing Rights of Children in the Gendered Space of the School Toilet: (OAJRSD)

(Dis)ordered Spaces? Managing the Competing Rights of Children in the Gendered Space of the School Toilet by Jessica Clark in Open Access Journal of Reproductive System and Sexual Disorders (OAJRSD) in Lupine Publishers

Rights are often perceived as unproblematic and normative, perhaps particularly in childhood where rights are primarily positioned as protective and participatory. However, in a landscape where the rights of trans* and gender non-conforming persons are an increasing focus, rights are once again revealed as being contested, controversial and in-conflict. While trans* identities are constructed by some as being normative, simply part of the continuum of gender identity, for others, trans* is perceived as ‘disorder’ both biologically and socially [1]. Here, we take the space of the toilet and its binary structure, as emblematic of wider “mechanisms of gender regulation” [2].

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https://lupinepublishers.com/reproductive-medicine-journal/abstracts/dis-ordered-spaces-managing-the-competing-rights-of-children-in-the-gendered-space-of-the-school-toilet.ID.000122.php

https://lupinepublishers.com/reproductive-medicine-journal/pdf/OAJRSD.MS.ID.000122.pdf

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